Windows Terminal is a new, modern, feature-rich, productive terminal application for command-line users. It includes many of the features most frequently requested by the Windows command-line community including support for tabs, rich text, globalization, configurability, theming & styling, and more. Ethical Hacking - ARP Poisoning - Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a stateless protocol used for resolving IP addresses to machine MAC addresses. All network devices that need to communicate. Step 3 − Make sure you are connected to local LAN and check the IP address by typing the command ifconfig in the terminal.

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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a stateless protocol used for resolving IP addresses to machine MAC addresses. All network devices that need to communicate on the network broadcast ARP queries in the system to find out other machines’ MAC addresses. ARP Poisoning is also known as ARP Spoofing.

Here is how ARP works −

• When one machine needs to communicate with another, it looks up its ARP table.

• If the MAC address is not found in the table, the ARP_request is broadcasted over the network.

• All machines on the network will compare this IP address to MAC address.

• If one of the machines in the network identifies this address, then it will respond to the ARP_request with its IP and MAC address.

• The requesting computer will store the address pair in its ARP table and communication will take place.

What is ARP Spoofing?

ARP packets can be forged to send data to the attacker’s machine.

• ARP spoofing constructs a large number of forged ARP request and reply packets to overload the switch.

• The switch is set in forwarding mode and after the ARP table is flooded with spoofed ARP responses, the attackers can sniff all network packets.

Attackers flood a target computer ARP cache with forged entries, which is also known as poisoning. ARP poisoning uses Man-in-the-Middle access to poison the network.

What is MITM?

The Man-in-the-Middle attack (abbreviated MITM, MitM, MIM, MiM, MITMA) implies an active attack where the adversary impersonates the user by creating a connection between the victims and sends messages between them. In this case, the victims think that they are communicating with each other, but in reality, the malicious actor controls the communication.

A third person exists to control and monitor the traffic of communication between two parties. Some protocols such as SSL serve to prevent this type of attack.

ARP Poisoning − Exercise

In this exercise, we have used BetterCAP to perform ARP poisoning in LAN environment using VMware workstation in which we have installed Kali Linux and Ettercap tool to sniff the local traffic in LAN.

For this exercise, you would need the following tools −

• VMware workstation
• Kali Linux or Linux Operating system
• Ettercap Tool
• LAN connection

Note − This attack is possible in wired and wireless networks. You can perform this attack in local LAN.

Step 1 − Install the VMware workstation and install the Kali Linux operating system.

Step 2 − Login into the Kali Linux using username pass “root, toor”.

Step 3 − Make sure you are connected to local LAN and check the IP address by typing the command ifconfig in the terminal.

Step 4 − Open up the terminal and type “Ettercap –G” to start the graphical version of Ettercap.

Step 5 − Now click the tab “sniff” in the menu bar and select “unified sniffing” and click OK to select the interface. We are going to use “eth0” which means Ethernet connection.

Step 6 − Now click the “hosts” tab in the menu bar and click “scan for hosts”. It will start scanning the whole network for the alive hosts.

Step 7 − Next, click the “hosts” tab and select “hosts list” to see the number of hosts available in the network. This list also includes the default gateway address. We have to be careful when we select the targets.

Step 8 − Now we have to choose the targets. In MITM, our target is the host machine, and the route will be the router address to forward the traffic. In an MITM attack, the attacker intercepts the network and sniffs the packets. So, we will add the victim as “target 1” and the router address as “target 2.”

In VMware environment, the default gateway will always end with “2” because “1” is assigned to the physical machine.

Step 9 − In this scenario, our target is “192.168.121.129” and the router is “192.168.121.2”. So we will add target 1 as victim IP and target 2 as router IP.

Step 10 − Now click on “MITM” and click “ARP poisoning”. Thereafter, check the option “Sniff remote connections” and click OK.

Step 11 − Click “start” and select “start sniffing”. This will start ARP poisoning in the network which means we have enabled our network card in “promiscuous mode” and now the local traffic can be sniffed.

Note − We have allowed only HTTP sniffing with Ettercap, so don’t expect HTTPS packets to be sniffed with this process.

Step 12 − Now it’s time to see the results; if our victim logged into some websites. You can see the results in the toolbar of Ettercap.

This is how sniffing works. You must have understood how easy it is to get the HTTP credentials just by enabling ARP poisoning.

ARP Poisoning has the potential to cause huge losses in company environments. This is the place where ethical hackers are appointed to secure the networks.

Like ARP poisoning, there are other attacks such as MAC flooding, MAC spoofing, DNS poisoning, ICMP poisoning, etc. that can cause significant loss to a network.

In the next chapter, we will discuss another type of attack known as DNS poisoning.

In past decades, ethical hacking and penetration testing were performed by only a few security experts. Now almost anyone can report security incidents. Ethical hacking tools allow you to scan, search and find the flaws and vulnerabilities within any company to help make their systems and applications more secure (as seen in the recent Top CVE’s exploited in the wild post published a few weeks ago).

Today we’ll explore the best ethical hacking tools used by modern security researchers.

15 Ethical Hacking Tools You Can’t Miss

We’ve compiled some of the most popular penetration testing tools to help you through the first steps of a security investigation. You’ll find some of the classic tools that seem to have been around forever and some new tools that might not be familiar.

1. John the Ripper

John the Ripper is one of the most popular password crackers of all time. It’s also one of the best security tools available to test password strength in your operating system, or for auditing one remotely.

This password cracker is able to auto-detect the type of encryption used in almost any password, and will change its password test algorithm accordingly, making it one of the most intelligent password cracking tools ever.

This ethical hacking tool uses brute force technology to decipher passwords and algorithms such as:

• DES, MD5, Blowfish
• Kerberos AFS
• Hash LM (Lan Manager), the system used in Windows NT / 2000 / XP / 2003
• MD4, LDAP, MySQL (using third-party modules)

Another bonus is that JTR is open source, multi-platform and fully available for Mac, Linux, Windows and Android.

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2. Metasploit

Metasploit is an open source cyber-security project that allows infosec professionals to use different penetration testing tools to discover remote software vulnerabilities. It also functions as an exploit module development platform.

One of the most famous results of this project is the Metasploit Framework, written in Ruby, which enables you to develop, test and execute exploits easily. The framework includes a set of security tools that can be used to:

• Evade detection systems
• Run security vulnerability scans
• Execute remote attacks
• Enumerate networks and hosts

Metasploit offers three different versions of their software:

• Pro: ideal for penetration testing and IT security teams.
• Community: used by small companies and infosec students.
• Framework: the best for app developers and security researchers.

Supported platforms include:

• Mac OS X
• Linux
• Windows

3. Nmap

Nmap (Network Mapper) is a free open source security tool used by infosec professionals to manage and audit network and OS security for both local and remote hosts.

Despite being one of the oldest security tools in existence (launched in 1997), it continues to be actively updated and receives new improvements every year.

It’s also regarded as one of the most effective network mappers around, known for being fast and for consistently delivering thorough results with any security investigation.

What can you do with Nmap?

• Audit device security
• Detect open ports on remote hosts
• Network mapping and enumeration
• Find vulnerabilities inside any network
• Launch massive DNS queries against domains and subdomains

Supported platforms include:

• Mac OS X
• Linux, OpenBSD and Solaris
• Microsoft Windows

4. Wireshark

Wiresharkis a free open-source software that allows you to analyze network traffic in real time. Thanks to its sniffing technology, Wireshark is widely known for its ability to detect security problems in any network, as well as for its effectiveness in solving general networking problems.

While sniffing the network, you’re able to intercept and read results in human-readable format, which makes it easier to identify potential problems (such as low latency), threats and vulnerabilities.

Main features:

• Saves analysis for offline inspection
• Packet browser
• Powerful GUI
• Rich VoIP analysis
• Inspects and decompresses gzip files
• Reads other capture files formats including: Sniffer Pro, tcpdump (libpcap), Microsoft network monitor, Cisco Secure IDS iplog, etc.
• Supported ports and network devices: Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP/HDLC, ATM, Bluetooth, USB, Token Ring, Frame Relay, FDDI.
• Protocol decryption includes but not limited to IPsec, ISAKMP, Kerberos, SNMPv3, SSL/TLS, WEP, and WPA/WPA2
• Exports results to XML, PostScript, CSV, or plain text

Wireshark supports up to 2000 different network protocols, and is available on all major operating systems including:

• Linux
• Windows
• Mac OS X
• FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD

5. OpenVAS

OpenVAS (also known as the old classic “Nessus”) is an open-source network scanner used to detect remote vulnerabilities in any hosts. One of the best-known network vulnerability scanners, it’s very popular among system administrators and DevOps and infosec professionals.

Main features

• Powerful web-based interface
• +50,000 network vulnerability tests
• Simultaneous multiple host scanning
• Able to stop, pause and resume scan tasks
• False positive management
• Scheduled scans
• Graphics and statistics generation
• Exports results to plain text, XML, HTML or LateX
• Powerful CLI available
• Fully integrated with Nagios monitoring software

While its web-based interface allows it to be run from any operating system, a CLI is also available and works well for Linux, Unix and Windows operating systems.

The free version can be downloaded from the OpenVAS website, but there is also a commercial enterprise license available from the Greenbone Security (parent company) website.

6. IronWASP

If you’re going to perform ethical hacking, IronWASP is another great tool. It’s free, open source and multi-platform, perfect for those who need to audit their web servers and public applications.

One of the most appealing things about IronWASP is that you don’t need to be an expert to manage its main features. It’s all GUI-based, and full scans can be performed in only a few clicks. So, if you’re just getting started with ethical hacking tools, this is a great way to start.

Some of its main features include:

• Powerful GUI-based interface
• Web scan sequence recording
• Exports results into HTML and RTF file format
• 25+ different web vulnerabilities
• False positive and negative management
• Full Python and Ruby support for its scripting engine
• Can be extended by using modules written in C#, Ruby, and Python
• Supported platforms: Windows, Linux with Wine, and MacOS using CrossOver

7. Nikto

Nikto is another favorite, well-known as part of the Kali Linux Distribution. Other popular Linux distributions such as Fedora already come with Nikto available in their software repositories as well.

This security tool is used to scan web servers and perform different types of tests against the specified remote host. Its clean and simple command line interface makes it really easy to launch any vulnerability testing against your target, as you can see in the following screenshot:

Nikto’s main features include:

• Detects default installation files on any OS
• Detects outdated software applications.
• Runs XSS vulnerability tests
• Launches dictionary-based brute force attacks
• Exports results into plain text, CSV or HTML files
• Intrusion detection system evasion with LibWhisker
• Integration with Metasploit Framework

8. SQLMap

sqlmap is a cool cyber-security tool written in Python that helps security researchers to launch SQL code injection tests against remote hosts. With SQLMap you can detect and test different types of SQL-based vulnerabilities to harden your apps and servers, or to report vulnerabilities to different companies.

Its SQL injection techniques include:

• UNION query-based
• time-based blind
• boolean-based blind
• error-based
• stacked queries
• out-of-band

Main features:

• Multiple database server support: Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL and MSSQL, MS Access, DB2 or Informix.
• Automatic code injection capabilities
• Password hash recognition
• Dictionary-based password cracking
• User enumeration
• Get password hashes
• View user privileges and databases
• Database user privilege escalation
• Dump table information
• Executes remote SQL SELECTS

Check out the next video to see the true power of SQLMap using the sqlmap out-of-band injection working with Metasploit integration against Microsoft SQL Server:

9. SQLNinja

SQLNinja is another SQL vulnerability scanner bundled with Kali Linux distribution. This tool is dedicated to target and exploit web apps that use MS SQL Server as the backend database server. Written in Perl, SQLNinja is available in multiple Unix distros where the Perl interpreter is installed, including:

• Linux
• Mac OS X & iOS
• FreeBSD

SQLninja can be run in different types of modes such as:

• Test mode
• Verbose mode
• Fingerprint remote database mode
• Brute force attack with a word list
• Direct shell & reverse shell
• Scanner for outbound ports
• Reverse ICMP Shell
• DNS tunnelled shell

10. Wapiti

Wapiti is a free open-source command-line based vulnerability scanner written in Python. While it’s not the most popular tool in this field, it does a good job of finding security flaws in many web applications.

Using Wapiti can help you to discover security holes including:

• XSS attacks
• SQL injections
• XPath injections
• XXE injections
• CRLF injections
• Server side request forgery

Other features include:

• Runs in verbose mode
• Ability to pause and resume scans.
• Highlights vulnerabilities found inside the terminal
• Generates reports and export into HTML, XML, JSON and TXT
• Activates and deactivates multiple attack modules
• Removes parameters from certain URLs
• Excludes URLs during an attack
• Bypasses SSL certificate verification
• URL extractor from javascript
• Timeout configuration for large scans
• Sets custom user-agent and HTTP headers

11. Maltego

Maltego is the perfect tool for intel gathering and data reconnaissance while you’re performing the first analysis of your target.

In this case, it can be used to correlate and determine relationships between people, names, phone numbers, email addresses, companies, organizations and social network profiles.

Along with online resources like Whois data, DNS records, social networks, search engines, geolocation services and online API services it can also be used to investigate the correlation between internet-based infrastructures including:

• Domain names
• DNS servers
• Netblocks
• IP addresses
• Files
• Web Pages

Main features include:

• GUI-based interface
• Analyzes up to 10.000 entities per graph
• Extended correlation capabilities
• Data sharing in real time
• Correlated data graphics generator
• Exports graphs to GraphML
• Generates entity lists
• Can copy and paste information

This application is available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS, and the only software requirement is to have Java 1.8 or greater installed.

12. AirCrack-ng

AirCrack-ng is a respected Wifi security suite for home and corporate security investigations. It includes full support for 802.11 WEP and WPA-PSK networks and works by capturing network packets. It then analyzes and uses them to crack Wifi access.

For old-school security professionals, AirCrack-ng includes a fancy terminal-based interface along with a few more interesting features.

Main features:

• Extensive documentation (wiki, manpages)
• Active community (forums and IRC channels)
• Support for Linux, Mac and Windows Wifi detection
• Launches PTW, WEP and Fragmentation attacks
• Supports WPA Migration Mode
• Fast cracking speed
• Multiple Wifi card support
• Integration with 3rd party tools

As a bonus, it comes bundled with a lot of Wifi auditing tools including:

• airbase-ng
• aircrack-ng
• airdecap-ng
• airdecloak-ng
• airdriver-ng
• aireplay-ng
• airmon-ng
• airodump-ng
• airolib-ng
• airserv-ng
• airtun-ng
• easside-ng
• packetforge-ng
• tkiptun-ng
• wesside-ng
• airdecloak-ng

13. Reaver

Reaver is a great open-source alternative to Aircrack-ng that allows you to audit the security of any Wifi with WPA/WPA2 pass keys. It uses brute force Wifi attack techniques like Pixie dust attacks to crack Wifi-protected setups through common Wifi flaws and vulnerabilities.

Depending on how well-configured the router-level Wifi security is, it can take between 3 to 10 hours to get an effective brute-force cracking result.

Until recently, the original Reaver version was hosted at Google Cloud. After the release version of version 1.6,a forked community edition was launched in Github.

Build-time dependencies

• build-essential
• libpcap-dev

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Runtime-time dependencies

• pixiewps (required for pixiedust attack)

It runs well on most Linux distributions.

14. Ettercap

Ettercap is a network interceptor and packet sniffer for LAN networks. It supports active and passive scans as well as various protocols, including encrypted ones such as SSH and HTTPS.

Other capabilities include network and host analysis (like OS fingerprint), as well as network manipulation over established connections -- which makes this tool great for testing man-in-the-middle attacks.

Main features

• Active and passive protocol analysis
• Filters based on IP source and destination, Mac and ARP addresses
• Data injection into established connections
• SSH and HTTPS encryption-based protocols
• Sniffs remote traffic over GRE tunnel
• Extensible with plugins
• Protocol supports include Telnet, FTP, Imap, Smb, MySQL, LDAP, NFS, SNMP, HTTP, etc.
• Determines OS name and version
• Able to kill established LAN connections
• DNS Hijacking

15. Canvas

Canvas is a great alternative to Metasploit, offering more than 800 exploits for testing remote networks.

Main features

• Remote network exploitation
• Targets different kind of systems
• Targets selected geographic regions
• Takes screenshots of remote systems
• Downloads passwords
• Modifies files inside the system
• Escalates privileges to gain administrator access

This tool also lets you use its platform to write new exploits or use its famous shellcode generator. It also integrates an alternative to nmap called scanrand, which is especially useful for port scanning and host discovery over mid to large networks.

Supported platforms include:

• Linux
• MacOSX (requires PyGTK)
• Windows (requires Python and PyGTK)

Summary

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Software companies reap the most benefits from the rise of automated ethical hacking tools and penetration testing utilities, giving them more ways to increase system security every day.

Automated tools are changing the way hacking is evolving, making ethical penetration testing easier, faster and more reliable than ever. Penetration testing and reporting activities now play a crucial role in the process of identifying security flaws in remote or local software — enabling company owners to quickly prevent vulnerabilities from running wild all over the Internet.

Like many of these valuable tools, we’ve developed SecurityTrails from scratch, combining different domain automation lists and tons of forensic data so you can audit your domain names, DNS and online applications.

Are you ready to unveil the true power of our security toolkit? Grab a free API account today or contact us for consultation.

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